Hlau phaj

Nws yog ib lub tiaj tus hlau uas yog nrum nrog molten steel thiab nias tom qab txias.
Nws yog tiaj, duab plaub thiab tuaj yeem ncaj qha dov los yog txiav los ntawm dav hlau strips.
Cov hlau phaj yog muab faib raws li thickness, nyias steel phaj yog tsawg tshaj li 4 hli (thinnest yog 0.2 hli), nruab nrab-tuab steel phaj yog 4-60 hli, thiab lub thickness ntxiv steel phaj yog 60-115. mm.
Cov ntawv hlau tau muab faib ua kub-kuav los tiag thiab txias-dov raws li dov.
Qhov dav ntawm lub phaj nyias yog 500 ~ 1500 hli; qhov dav ntawm daim ntawv tuab yog 600 ~ 3000 hli. Cov nplooj ntawv yog cais los ntawm hom hlau, suav nrog cov hlau zoo tib yam, cov hlau zoo, cov hlau alloy, lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav, cov hlau tsis muaj steel, cov cuab yeej hlau, cov hlau tsis muaj cua sov, cov kabmob steel, silicon steel thiab cov ntawv hlau ntshiab, thiab lwm yam.; Enamel phaj, bulletproof phaj, thiab lwm yam raws li txheej txheej, muaj galvanized ntawv, tin-plated ntawv, txhuas-plated ntawv, yas composite steel phaj, thiab lwm yam.
Tsawg alloy structural steel
(tseem hu ua dog dig low alloy steel, HSLA)
1. Lub hom phiaj
Feem ntau yog siv rau hauv kev tsim cov choj, nkoj, tsheb, boilers, cov hlab ntsha siab, roj thiab cov kav dej, cov qauv hlau loj, thiab lwm yam.
2. Kev ua tau zoo
(1) Lub zog siab: feem ntau nws lub zog tawm los yog siab dua 300MPa.
(2) High toughness: lub elongation yuav tsum yog 15% mus rau 20%, thiab qhov cuam tshuam toughness ntawm chav tsev kub yog ntau tshaj 600kJ / m txog 800kJ / m. Rau loj welded Cheebtsam, siab tawg toughness kuj yuav tsum tau.
(3) Kev ua haujlwm vuam zoo thiab kev ua haujlwm txias.
(4) Tsis tshua muaj txias-nkig hloov kub.
(5) Zoo corrosion kuj.
3. Cov khoom xyaw yam ntxwv
(1) Cov pa roj carbon tsawg: Vim yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj zog, weldability thiab txias formability, cov ntsiab lus carbon tsis tshaj 0.20%.
(2) Ntxiv manganese-raws li alloying ntsiab.
(3) Ntxiv cov khoom pab xws li niobium, titanium los yog vanadium: ib qho me me ntawm niobium, titanium los yog vanadium cov ntaub ntawv zoo carbides lossis carbonitrides hauv cov hlau, uas muaj txiaj ntsig kom tau txais cov nplej zoo ferrite thiab txhim kho lub zog thiab tawv ntawm cov hlau.
Tsis tas li ntawd, ntxiv ib qho me me ntawm tooj liab (≤0.4%) thiab phosphorus (li 0.1%) tuaj yeem txhim kho corrosion kuj. Ntxiv ib qho me me ntawm cov ntsiab lus tsis tshua muaj hauv ntiaj teb tuaj yeem desulfurize thiab degas, purify steel, thiab txhim kho toughness thiab txheej txheem kev ua tau zoo.
4. Feem ntau siv cov hlau tsis tshua muaj hlau
16Mn yog cov khoom siv dav tshaj plaws thiab ua tau zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov hlau tsis tshua muaj zog hlau hauv kuv lub tebchaws. Cov qauv siv hauv lub xeev yog nplua-grained ferrite-pearlite, thiab nws lub zog yog li ntawm 20% mus rau 30% siab dua li cov qauv carbon zoo tib yam Q235, thiab nws cov atmospheric corrosion kuj yog 20% ​​mus rau 38% siab dua.
15MnVN yog cov hlau siv ntau tshaj plaws hauv cov hlau nruab nrab. Nws muaj lub zog siab, thiab zoo toughness, weldability thiab tsis tshua muaj kub toughness, thiab yog dav siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim cov khoom loj xws li txuas hniav, boilers, thiab nkoj.
Tom qab lub zog siab tshaj 500MPa, cov qauv ferrite thiab pearlite yog qhov nyuaj kom ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua, yog li cov pa roj carbon bainitic tsawg yog tsim. Qhov sib ntxiv ntawm Cr, Mo, Mn, B thiab lwm yam khoom muaj txiaj ntsig kom tau txais cov qauv bainite nyob rau hauv cov huab cua txias, kom lub zog siab dua, plasticity thiab vuam kev ua tau zoo kuj zoo dua, thiab nws feem ntau yog siv hauv high-pressure boilers. , cov hlab ntsha siab, thiab lwm yam.
5. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev kho cua sov
Hom hlau no feem ntau yog siv rau hauv lub xeev kub-dov thiab cua txias thiab tsis tas yuav tsum tau kho cua sov tshwj xeeb. Lub microstructure hauv kev siv lub xeev feem ntau yog ferrite + sorbite.
Carburized hlau alloy
1. Lub hom phiaj
Nws yog tsuas yog siv nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm kis tau tus mob gears nyob rau hauv tsheb thiab tsheb laij teb, camshafts, piston pins thiab lwm yam tshuab qhov chaw nyob rau hauv combustion engines. Xws li cov khoom raug kev txom nyem los ntawm kev sib txhuam thiab hnav thaum ua haujlwm, thiab tib lub sij hawm dais loj alternating loads, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cuam tshuam loads.
2. Kev ua tau zoo
(1) Cov txheej txheej carburized nto muaj qhov tawv tawv kom ntseeg tau zoo heev hnav tsis kam thiab tiv taus qaug zog, nrog rau cov yas tsim nyog thiab tawv.
(2) Cov tub ntxhais muaj zog toughness thiab muaj zog txaus. Thaum lub toughness ntawm cov tub ntxhais yog tsis txaus, nws yog ib qho yooj yim mus tawg nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm tej load los yog overload; Thaum lub zog tsis txaus, lub nkig carburized txheej yog yooj yim tawg thiab tev tawm.
(3) Cov txheej txheem kev kho cua sov zoo ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv qhov kub siab carburizing (900 ℃ ~ 950 ℃), cov nplej austenite tsis yooj yim kom loj hlob thiab muaj zog hardenability.
3. Cov khoom xyaw yam ntxwv
(1) Cov pa roj carbon tsawg: cov ntsiab lus carbon feem ntau yog 0.10% rau 0.25%, yog li cov tub ntxhais ntawm cov khoom muaj cov yas txaus thiab toughness.
(2) Ntxiv cov ntsiab lus alloying los txhim kho hardenability: Cr, Ni, Mn, B, thiab lwm yam.
(3) Ntxiv cov ntsiab lus uas cuam tshuam txoj kev loj hlob ntawm austenite nplej: feem ntau ntxiv me me ntawm cov khoom muaj zog carbide tsim Ti, V, W, Mo, thiab lwm yam.
4. Cov qib steel thiab qib
20Cr tsawg hardenability alloy carburized hlau. Hom hlau no muaj qhov hardenability tsawg thiab cov tub ntxhais tsis muaj zog.
20CrMnTi nruab nrab hardenability alloy carburized steel. Hom hlau no muaj kev ua haujlwm siab, tsis tshua muaj kev kub ntxhov, kev hloov pauv ntawm cov txheej txheem carburizing, thiab cov cuab yeej zoo thiab cov cuab yeej technology.
18Cr2Ni4WA thiab 20Cr2Ni4A siab hardenability alloy carburized hlau. Cov hlau no muaj ntau cov ntsiab lus xws li Cr thiab Ni, muaj zog hardenability, thiab muaj zog toughness thiab qis-kub los ntawm toughness.
5. Kev kho cua sov thiab microstructure zog
Cov txheej txheem kev kho cua sov ntawm alloy carburized steel feem ntau ncaj qha quenching tom qab carburizing, thiab ces tempering ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Tom qab kev kho cua sov, cov qauv ntawm cov txheej txheej carburized yog alloy cementite + tempered martensite + ib qho me me ntawm cov austenite khaws cia, thiab hardness yog 60HRC ~ 62HRC. Cov qauv tseem ceeb muaj feem xyuam rau qhov hardenability ntawm cov hlau thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov loj ntawm cov khoom. Thaum tag nrho hardened, nws yog low-carbon tempered martensite nrog ib tug hardness ntawm 40HRC rau 48HRC; Feem ntau, nws yog troostite, tempered martensite thiab ib qho me me ntawm cov hlau. Lub cev lub cev, hardness yog 25HRC ~ 40HRC. Lub toughness ntawm lub plawv feem ntau yog siab tshaj 700KJ / m2.
Alloy quenched thiab tempered steel
1. Lub hom phiaj
Alloy quenched thiab tempered steel yog dav siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim khoom ntawm ntau yam tseem ceeb ntawm tsheb, tsheb laij teb, tshuab cuab yeej thiab lwm yam tshuab, xws li lub zog, ncej, txuas rods, bolts, thiab lwm yam.
2. Kev ua tau zoo
Feem ntau ntawm cov quenched thiab tempered qhov chaw dais ntau yam ntawm kev ua haujlwm loads, qhov teeb meem kev ntxhov siab yog qhov nyuaj, thiab cov cuab yeej siv tau zoo yuav tsum tau ua, uas yog, siab zog thiab zoo plasticity thiab toughness. Alloy quenched thiab tempered steel kuj xav tau zoo hardenability. Txawm li cas los xij, cov kev ntxhov siab ntawm qhov sib txawv yog qhov sib txawv, thiab cov kev xav tau rau hardenability txawv.
3. Cov khoom xyaw yam ntxwv
(1) Cov pa roj carbon nruab nrab: cov ntsiab lus carbon feem ntau yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm 0.25% thiab 0.50%, nrog 0.4% feem ntau;
(2) Ntxiv cov ntsiab lus Cr, Mn, Ni, Si, thiab lwm yam los txhim kho hardenability: Ntxiv nrog rau kev txhim kho hardenability, cov hlau alloy tseem tuaj yeem tsim cov hlau ferrite thiab txhim kho lub zog ntawm cov hlau. Piv txwv li, kev ua tau zoo ntawm 40Cr steel tom qab quenching thiab tempering kho yog ntau dua li ntawm 45 steel;
(3) Ntxiv cov ntsiab lus los tiv thaiv hom thib ob ntawm temper brittleness: alloy quenched thiab tempered steel uas muaj Ni, Cr, thiab Mn, uas yog nquag mus rau hom thib ob ntawm temper brittleness thaum lub sij hawm kub tempering thiab qeeb txias. Ntxiv Mo thiab W rau hlau tuaj yeem tiv thaiv hom thib ob ntawm temper brittleness, thiab nws cov ntsiab lus tsim nyog yog li 0.15% -0.30% Mo lossis 0.8% -1.2% W.
Kev sib piv ntawm cov khoom ntawm 45 steel thiab 40Cr steel tom qab quenching thiab tempering
Qib steel thiab kev kho cua sov hauv xeev Tshooj loj / hli sb / MPa ss / MPa d5 / % y /% ak / kJ / m2
45 steel 850 ℃ dej quenching, 550 ℃ tempering f50 700 500 15 45 700
40Cr steel 850 ℃ roj quenching, 570 ℃ tempering f50 (core) 850 670 16 58 1000
4. Cov qib steel thiab qib
(1) 40Cr low hardenability quenched thiab tempered steel: Qhov tseem ceeb txoj kab uas hla ntawm cov roj quenching ntawm hom hlau no yog 30mm mus rau 40mm, uas yog siv los tsim cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm qhov loj.
(2) 35CrMo nruab nrab hardenability alloy quenched thiab tempered steel: qhov tseem ceeb txoj kab uas hla ntawm cov roj quenching ntawm hom hlau no yog 40mm mus rau 60mm. Qhov sib ntxiv ntawm molybdenum tuaj yeem tsis tsuas yog txhim kho hardenability, tab sis kuj tiv thaiv ob hom temper brittleness.
(3) 40CrNiMo siab hardenability alloy quenched thiab tempered steel: qhov tseem ceeb txoj kab uas hla ntawm cov roj quenching ntawm hom hlau no yog 60mm-100mm, feem ntau yog chromium-nickel steel. Ntxiv qhov tsim nyog molybdenum rau chromium-nickel steel tsis tsuas yog muaj qhov zoo hardenability, tab sis kuj tshem tawm ob hom temper brittleness.
5. Kev kho cua sov thiab microstructure zog
Qhov kawg kev kho cua sov ntawm alloy quenched thiab tempered steel yog quenching thiab kub tempering (quenching thiab tempering). Alloy quenched thiab tempered steel muaj siab hardenability, thiab roj feem ntau yog siv. Thaum lub hardenability tshwj xeeb loj, nws tuaj yeem ua cua txias, uas tuaj yeem txo cov kev kho cua sov tsis xws luag.
Cov khoom kawg ntawm alloy quenched thiab tempered steel nyob ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Feem ntau, tempering ntawm 500 ℃ -650 ℃ yog siv. Los ntawm kev xaiv qhov kub thiab txias, cov khoom xav tau tuaj yeem tau txais. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv ob hom temper brittleness, txias ceev (dej txias lossis roj txias) tom qab tempering yog qhov zoo rau kev txhim kho toughness.
Lub microstructure ntawm alloy quenched thiab tempered steel tom qab cov pa kev kho cua sov yog tempered sorbite. Rau qhov chaw uas yuav tsum tau hnav-resistant nto (xws li lub zog thiab spindles), induction cua sov nto quenching thiab low-temperature tempering yog ua, thiab cov qauv nto yog tempered martensite. Qhov tawv tawv tuaj yeem ncav cuag 55HRC ~ 58HRC.
Lub zog yield ntawm alloy quenched thiab tempered steel tom qab quenching thiab tempering yog hais txog 800MPa, thiab qhov cuam tshuam toughness yog 800kJ / m2, thiab hardness ntawm cov tub ntxhais yuav ncav cuag 22HRC ~ 25HRC. Yog hais tias tus ntoo khaub lig-sectional loj thiab tsis hardened, qhov kev ua tau zoo yog txo.